Statuts:
Date:	25 FEV 1960
Heure:	13:07
Type/Sous-type:	Douglas C-47A-25-DK
Compagnie:	REAL Transportes Aéreos
Immatriculation:	PP-AXD
Numéro de série:	13326
Année de Fabrication:	1944
Moteurs:	2 Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92
Equipage:	victimes: 4 / à bord: 4
Passagers:	victimes: 22 / à bord: 22
Total:	victimes: 26 / à bord: 26
Victime de la collision:	victimes: 35
Dégats de l'appareil:	Perte Totale
Conséquences:	Written off (damaged beyond repair)
Lieu de l'accident:	Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brésil)
Phase de vol:	En approche (APR)
Nature:	Transport de Passagers Nat.
Aéroport de départ:	Campos dos Goitacazes-Bartolomeu Lisandro Airport, RJ (CAW/SBCP), Brésil
Aéroport de destination:	Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport, RJ (SDU/SBRJ), Brésil

Détails:
A US Navy DC-6 (131582) took off from Buenos Aires for a flight to Rio de Janeiro at 08:25. At 12:56 the crew reported over the BAGRE fix, entering the Rio Approach Control zone. The plane then descended to 1500m reaching the Ilha Rasa (IH) NDB at 13:05. The crew were then instructed to arrive over the RJ NDB at 1800m altitude and continue to the KX NDB descending to 1500m. At the KX NDB the plane could enter the approach path for Galeao Airport.
At 13:07 the flight reported passing over RJ at 1800m, but the plane was in fact still approaching the NDB! False radio compass indications in the area are not uncommon; they are influenced by a steel cable car in the area.
REAL DC-3 PP-AXD had left Campos at 12:10 for a flight to Rio de Janeiro. The flight reported at the Porto das Caixas fix at 12:58. at 1650m. He was told to head for the RJ NDB at 1800m and was later cleared for 1500m to carry out the Victor Procedure for an approach to Santos Dumont Airport. The DC-3 overflew the RJ NDB at 13:06 at 1700m. While carrying out the standard 180deg turn to the left, the DC-3 was hit on its right side in an upward direction by the US Navy DC-6.
The collision occurred at about 1600m; the DC-3 crashed into the bay just southeast of Sugar Loaf Mountain; the DC-6 crashed into the bay just north of the mountain.

PROBABLE CAUSE: "The accident was attributed to error of personnel - pilot of the DC-6 - improper piloting procedure when flying on authorized instrument flight. The pilot disobeyed the instructions transmitted by Rio Approach Control." (Brazilian Air Ministry report).

An investigation by the US Navy came to a different cause:
"The accident cannot be attributed to either of the aircraft involved, the manner in which either was operated, or to any
significant actions or errors of the crews. The roles of the language problem, the lack of modern air navigation and control aids and the methods of aircraft traffic control used at Rio de Janeiro, although extremely material, do not attain the status of immediate causes of the accident according to the evidence adduced. Had these matters been different, in one or more respects favorable to greater air safety, this accident might have been avoided. These problems were, however, common to the flights of all aircraft in the area and were well known by the pilots and controller to exist. It is evident that uncertainty on the part of the controller as to the original position of the DC3; his underestimation of the time factors, including aircraft reaction time; and his lack of appreciation of the communications difficulties and the increasing seriousness of the situation, combined to create the conditions which led to the collision." (US Navy)

Sources:
» ICAO Accident Digest, Circular 64-AN/58 (124-132)