Crash-aerien 14 SEP 1999 d'un Boeing 757-204 G-BYAG - Gerona-Costa Brava Airport (GRO)
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Statuts:Accident investigation report completed and information captured
Date:mardi 14 septembre 1999
Heure:23:47
Type/Sous-type:Silhouette image of generic B752 model; specific model in this crash may look slightly different
Boeing 757-204
Compagnie:Britannia Airways
Immatriculation: G-BYAG
Numéro de série: 26965/517
Année de Fabrication: 1992
Heures de vol:26429
Cycles:9816
Moteurs: 2 Rolls-Royce RB211-535E4
Equipage:victimes: 0 / à bord: 9
Passagers:victimes: 1 / à bord: 236
Total:victimes: 1 / à bord: 245
Dégats de l'appareil: Perte Totale
Conséquences: Written off (damaged beyond repair)
Lieu de l'accident:Gerona-Costa Brava Airport (GRO) (   Espagne)
Phase de vol: A l'atterrissage (LDG)
Nature:Charter International
Aéroport de départ:Cardiff-Wales Airport (CWL/EGFF), Royaume Uni
Aéroport de destination:Gerona-Costa Brava Airport (GRO/LEGE), Espagne
Numéro de vol:BY226A
Détails:
Britannia Airways Flight 226A took off from Cardiff at 20:40 local time for a charter flight to Gerona. The crew contacted Gerona ATC at 23:14 hours. With a thunderstorm in the area, flight conditions were turbulent. ATC offered the option of a runway 20 ILS approach, but the crew decided to fly a VOR/DME procedure to runway 02 considering the prevailing conditions of wet runway, downslope and tailwind. At 23:33, in full landing configuration and just after passing 10 DME, the crew were advised of a change of wind to 200 degrees at 12 knots. Upon becoming visual the aircraft was not adequately aligned with the runway and the change in wind direction now favored the reciprocal runway so a missed approach was carried out. The aircraft was now positioned for an ILS approach to runway 20. During the approach the crew noted that the company minimum amount of fuel for a diversion to Barcelona (2,800 kg) had been reached. At 23:46:58 hrs, at 250 feet above ground level (agl) and on the correct glidepath, the captain disconnected the autopilot and autothrottle. The aircraft began to deviate above the glidepath. Twelve seconds later, at 110 feet agl, the captain briefly pushed the control column almost fully forward before returning it to an approximately neutral position. The aircraft pitched down to -4.5° nose down attitude and then back up to -2.5° nose down attitude. During this period the captain lost his visual reference with the runway because all runway lights had suddenly failed. The GPWS then warned of the excessive sink rate and the thrust levers being retarded to idle. At 21:47:17 the aircraft touched down in a 2° nose down attitude and a recorded peak normal (vertical) acceleration of 3.11 g. The aircraft bounced, the nose pitched up to +3.3°, a roll to the right commenced, both the thrust levers advanced and the power on both engines increased to 1.18 EPR. Full nose down elevator was applied and held until a second touchdown, resulting in a rapid pitch down. The aircraft made the second touchdown 1.9 seconds after the first at -0.5° pitch attitude (nose down), with a pitch rate of 7°/sec nose down and 4.2° of right roll. After a run of approximately 343 meters across flat grassland beside the runway, the aircraft ran diagonally over a substantial earth mound adjacent to the airport boundary, becoming semi-airborne as a result. At the far side of the mound a number of medium sized trees were struck and severed, predominantly by the right wing, and the right engine nacelle struck the boundary fence. The aircraft, yawed considerably to the right of its direction of travel, then passed through the fence, re-landed in a field and both main landing gears collapsed. It came to rest after a 244 meter slide across the field, with the fuselage almost structurally severed at two points.
One passenger who was initially admitted to hospital with minor injuries was discharged the following day. He died five days later as a result of unsuspected internal injuries.

Probable Cause:

CAUSES: "It is considered that the most probable cause of the accident was the destabilisation of the approach below decision height with loss of external visual references and automatic height callouts immediately before landing, resulting in touchdown with excessive descent rate in a nose down attitude. The resulting displacement of the nose landing gear support structure caused disruption to aircraft systems that led to uncommanded forward thrust increase and other effects that severely aggravated the consequences of the initial event. Contributory factors were: 1. Impairment of the runway visual environment as a result of darkness and torrential rain and the extinguishing of runway lights immediately before landing; 2. Suppression of some automatic height callouts by the GPWS <> audio caution; 3. The effect of shock or mental incapacitation on the PF at the failure of the runway lights which may have inhibited him from making a decision to go-around; 4. The absence of specific flight crew training in flight simulators to initiate a go-around when below landing decision height; 5. Insufficient evaluation of the weather conditions, particularly the movement and severity of the storm affecting the destination airport."

Accident investigation:

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Investigating agency: CIAIAC Spain
Status: Investigation completed
Accident number: A-054/1999
Download report: Final report

Sources:
» SKYbrary 


Opérations de secours

CIAIAC issued 10 Safety Recommendations

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Photos

photo of Boeing-757-204-G-BYAG
accident date: 14-09-1999
type: Boeing 757-204
registration: G-BYAG
photo of Boeing-757-204-G-BYAG
accident date: 14-09-1999
type: Boeing 757-204
registration: G-BYAG
photo of Boeing-757-204-G-BYAG
accident date: 14-09-1999
type: Boeing 757-204
registration: G-BYAG
photo of Boeing-757-204-G-BYAG
accident date: 14-09-1999
type: Boeing 757-204
registration: G-BYAG
photo of Boeing-757-204-G-BYAG
accident date: 14-09-1999
type: Boeing 757-204
registration: G-BYAG
 

Plan
Ce plan montre l'aéroport de départ ainsi que la supposée destination du vol. La ligne fixe reliant les deux aéroports n'est pas le plan de vol exact.
La distance entre Cardiff-Wales Airport et Gerona-Costa Brava Airport est de 1145 km (715 miles).
Accident location: Exact; deduced from official accident report.

Les informations ci-dessus ne représentent pas l'opinion de la 'Flight Safety Foundation' ou de 'Aviation Safety Network' sur les causes de l'accident. Ces informations prélimimaires sont basées sur les faits tel qu'ils sont connus à ce jour.
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