Narrative:
TANS Flight 222 departed Lima for a scheduled flight to Chachapoyas with an intermediate stop at Chiclayo. It departed Chiclayo at 08:17 and climbed to its assigned cruising altitude of FL190, which was reached approx. ten minutes after takeoff. The F-28 followed the V-3 airway, heading 075deg until 08:32. The crew then turned to the left heading 060deg, maintaining FL190 until 08:36. The flight then descended to FL130. After reaching that altitude five minutes later, the crew extended the speedbrakes in order to decelerate from 280 knots to 210 knots. Fifty seconds later, with the speedbrakes still extended, the crew turned to a heading of 135deg, aligning the plane with Chachapoyas' runway 13. The turn was accomplished in 45 seconds with a 30deg bank angle course change in 45 seconds. Shortly afterwards the Fellowship struck Cerro Coloque at an altitude of 10350 feet. Rescue workers found the wreckage two days after the crash.
Until 1995 this F-28 was used as the Peruvian Presidential plane.
PROBABLE ROOT CAUSES:
1.- PROBABLE MAIN CAUSE.
The probable cause of the accident of the aircraft Fokker F-28, MK1000, OB-1396 of the company TANS-PERU, is the Impact Into Terrain without Loss of Control - CFIT (Controlled Flight Into Terrain) caused by complacency (overconfidence) and lack of effective communication between the technical crew, which leads to the total loss of situational awareness.
2.- PROBABLE SECONDARY CAUSES
2.1 Lack of compliance with Standard Operating Procedures. The CVR transcript shows that the Technical Crew was not alert, nor did they make any operational indication such as breafing or check list about the descent to the Chachapoyas airfield.
2.2 Lack of Crew Resource Management (CRM) There is no formal operational communication, in the CVR hearing there is a lot of informality and many comments out of place for a professional technical operation.
2.3 Loss of Situational Awareness. From the CVR hearing it can be extracted that the crew due to complacency (overconfidence) did not comply with the rules and procedures established for the operation of this route and airport. The alertness of the Technical Crew was not adequate for the operation phase.
3.- CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
3.1 Death of the Co-Pilot's father, 4 days before the date of the flight, could contribute as a stress, fatigue and depression agent, which could influence his professional performance.
3.2 The delay in the crew's payments and/or bonuses could have caused a stressful situation, which in the short, medium or long term contributes to fatigue, thus decreasing professional performance, which would affect flight safety.
3.3 Organizational system and operational environment. The constant changes of management personnel cause labor instability within the company, a situation that could be an agent of stress that affects human performance in any field.
4.- CONTRIBUTING HUMAN ERRORS
The following Human Errors were observed in the analysis of the performance of this flight:
1) Poor judgment
2) Poor planning
3) Inadequate monitoring
4) Poor visual perspective
5) Poor visual perception
6) Operational complacency
7) Omitted procedures
8) Disorientation due to loss of situational awareness
SPPY 091300Z VRB02KT 9999 BKN015 SCT100 13/12 Q1028 PP000 TMN:12.5=
14:00 UTC / 09:00 local time:
SPPY 091400Z VRB03KT 9999 BKN018 SCT100 15/12 Q1028 PP000=
accident date: 09-01-2003
type: Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000
registration: OB-1396
| Status: | Accident investigation report completed and information captured |
| Date: | Thursday 9 January 2003 |
| Time: | 08:45 |
| Type: |  Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 |
| Operator: | Transportes Aéreos Nacionales de la Selva - TANS |
| Registration: | OB-1396 |
| MSN: | 11100 |
| First flight: | 1975-11-13 (27 years 2 months) |
| Engines: | 2 Rolls-Royce Spey 555-15 |
| Crew: | Fatalities: 5 / Occupants: 5 |
| Passengers: | Fatalities: 41 / Occupants: 41 |
| Total: | Fatalities: 46 / Occupants: 46 |
| Aircraft damage: | Damaged beyond repair |
| Location: | near Chachapoyas ( Peru)
|
| Phase: | Approach (APR) |
| Nature: | Domestic Scheduled Passenger |
| Departure airport: | Chiclayo-Capitan FAP Jose Abelardo Quiñones Airport (CIX/SPHI), Peru |
| Chachapoyas Airport (CHH/SPPY), Peru | |
| Flightnumber: | 222 |
TANS Flight 222 departed Lima for a scheduled flight to Chachapoyas with an intermediate stop at Chiclayo. It departed Chiclayo at 08:17 and climbed to its assigned cruising altitude of FL190, which was reached approx. ten minutes after takeoff. The F-28 followed the V-3 airway, heading 075deg until 08:32. The crew then turned to the left heading 060deg, maintaining FL190 until 08:36. The flight then descended to FL130. After reaching that altitude five minutes later, the crew extended the speedbrakes in order to decelerate from 280 knots to 210 knots. Fifty seconds later, with the speedbrakes still extended, the crew turned to a heading of 135deg, aligning the plane with Chachapoyas' runway 13. The turn was accomplished in 45 seconds with a 30deg bank angle course change in 45 seconds. Shortly afterwards the Fellowship struck Cerro Coloque at an altitude of 10350 feet. Rescue workers found the wreckage two days after the crash.
Until 1995 this F-28 was used as the Peruvian Presidential plane.
Probable Cause:
PROBABLE ROOT CAUSES:
1.- PROBABLE MAIN CAUSE.
The probable cause of the accident of the aircraft Fokker F-28, MK1000, OB-1396 of the company TANS-PERU, is the Impact Into Terrain without Loss of Control - CFIT (Controlled Flight Into Terrain) caused by complacency (overconfidence) and lack of effective communication between the technical crew, which leads to the total loss of situational awareness.
2.- PROBABLE SECONDARY CAUSES
2.1 Lack of compliance with Standard Operating Procedures. The CVR transcript shows that the Technical Crew was not alert, nor did they make any operational indication such as breafing or check list about the descent to the Chachapoyas airfield.
2.2 Lack of Crew Resource Management (CRM) There is no formal operational communication, in the CVR hearing there is a lot of informality and many comments out of place for a professional technical operation.
2.3 Loss of Situational Awareness. From the CVR hearing it can be extracted that the crew due to complacency (overconfidence) did not comply with the rules and procedures established for the operation of this route and airport. The alertness of the Technical Crew was not adequate for the operation phase.
3.- CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
3.1 Death of the Co-Pilot's father, 4 days before the date of the flight, could contribute as a stress, fatigue and depression agent, which could influence his professional performance.
3.2 The delay in the crew's payments and/or bonuses could have caused a stressful situation, which in the short, medium or long term contributes to fatigue, thus decreasing professional performance, which would affect flight safety.
3.3 Organizational system and operational environment. The constant changes of management personnel cause labor instability within the company, a situation that could be an agent of stress that affects human performance in any field.
4.- CONTRIBUTING HUMAN ERRORS
The following Human Errors were observed in the analysis of the performance of this flight:
1) Poor judgment
2) Poor planning
3) Inadequate monitoring
4) Poor visual perspective
5) Poor visual perception
6) Operational complacency
7) Omitted procedures
8) Disorientation due to loss of situational awareness
Accident investigation:
 |
|
Classification:
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) - Mountain
METAR Weather report:
13:00 UTC / 08:00 local time:SPPY 091300Z VRB02KT 9999 BKN015 SCT100 13/12 Q1028 PP000 TMN:12.5=
14:00 UTC / 09:00 local time:
SPPY 091400Z VRB03KT 9999 BKN018 SCT100 15/12 Q1028 PP000=
Photos
accident date: 09-01-2003
type: Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000
registration: OB-1396
Map
This map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight. The line between the airports does not display the exact flight path.
Distance from Chiclayo-Capitan FAP Jose Abelardo Quiñones Airport to Chachapoyas Airport as the crow flies is 226 km (142 miles).
Accident location: Approximate; accuracy within a few kilometers.
Distance from Chiclayo-Capitan FAP Jose Abelardo Quiñones Airport to Chachapoyas Airport as the crow flies is 226 km (142 miles).
Accident location: Approximate; accuracy within a few kilometers.
This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time.
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