Accident Learjet 45 I-ERJC,

ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 322809

Date:	Sunday 1 June 2003
Time:	15:26
Type:	Learjet 45
Owner/operator:	Eurojet Italia
Registration:	I-ERJC
MSN:	45-093
Year of manufacture:	2000
Engine model:	Garrett TFE731-20AR-1B
Fatalities:	Fatalities: 2 / Occupants: 2
Aircraft damage:	Destroyed, written off
Category:	Accident
Location:	0,3 km E of Milano-Linate Airport (LIN) - Italy
Phase:	Initial climb
Nature:	Ferry/positioning
Departure airport:	Milano-Linate Airport (LIN/LIML)
Destination airport:	Genoa-Cristoforo Colombo Airport (GOA/LIMJ)
Investigating agency:	ANSV
Confidence Rating:	Accident investigation report completed and information captured

Narrative:
The Learjet 45 impacted terrain shortly after takeoff from runway 36R at Milano-Linate Airport, Italy. Both pilots were kiled.
The aircraft operated on a repositioning flight to Genoa to pick up a passenger for Amsterdam Airport, the Netherlands. The first officer, on his first line training flight after obtaining his type rating, was to perform the duties of Pilot Flying on the first leg.
The aircraft was cleared for takeoff from runway 36R. During rotation the aircraft impacted the flock of pigeons crossing the runway from west to east. The impact with the birds affected the left engine and probably also the right engine.
After reaching a pitch of +18°, the stall warning activated. The captain then took over control from the first officer.
Without having raised the undercarriage, ten seconds after takeoff, at 209 feet and an indicated speed of 129 knots, the commander began a right turn for downwind with a bank progressively increasing to 39°. Subsequently the master warning (triple chime) activated and the N1 indications of the left engine dropped to 0%. During the turn and on the downwind leg, the stall warning sounded and the stick shaker was activated.
At 24 seconds after the takeoff, the captain brought back the thrust lever of the right engine to idle, without any sharing of the initiative with the FO. From then on the captain only manipulated the thrust lever of the left engine, which had already failed.
When the captain began the base turn he asked the FO to select the flaps at 20 degrees. This was followed by a "L engine fire" warning.
At 1 minute and 25 seconds after take-off, the pilot lost control of the aircraft, which crashed at the site of a warehouse near a road on the outskirts of Milan, some 300 metres from the runway. In the vicinity a crowd was watching Italy's national cycling tour Giro d'Italia.

CAUSES
The event, triggered by a multiple impact with birds during take-off, was caused by the loss of control in flight of the aircraft, due to an aerodynamic stall during the return to the departure airport, which could not be recovered due to the reduced altitude available.
The following factors contributed to the event
- the non-implementation of the procedure provided for in the Flight Manual for engine failure after V1, with particular reference to configuration control (undercarriage and flaps), thrust lever management, definition and achievement of safety altitude, maintenance of expected speeds;
- the lack of CRM, already detectable in the ground procedures phase, but significantly worsened as a result of the emergency;
- the lack of experience of FO, on its first flight of line training on the type of aircraft;
- the inadequacy of the measures and of the bird control activity in the manoeuvring area.

Accident investigation: