Flugunfall 29 DEC 2012 einer Tupolev Tu-204-100V RA-64047 - Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)
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Status:Accident investigation report completed and information captured
Datum:Samstag 29 Dezember 2012
Zeit:16:33
Flugzeugtyp:Silhouette image of generic T204 model; specific model in this crash may look slightly different
Tupolew Tu-204-100V
Fluggesellschaft:Red Wings Airlines
Kennzeichen: RA-64047
Werknummer: 1450744864047
Baujahr: 2008
Triebwerk: 2 Soloviev PS-90A
Besatzung:Todesopfer: 5 / Insassen: 8
Fluggäste:Todesopfer: 0 / Insassen: 0
Gesamt:Todesopfer: 5 / Insassen: 8
Sachschaden: Zerstört
Konsequenzen: Written off (damaged beyond repair)
Unfallort:Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO) (   Russland)
Flugphase: Landung (LDG)
Betriebsart:Leerflug
Flug von:Pardubice Airport (PED/LKPD), Tschechische Republik
Flug nach:Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO/UUWW), Russland
Flugnummer:9268
Unfallbericht:
A Tupolev 204 passenger plane, RA-64047, was destroyed following a landing accident at Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO), Russia. The captain, copilot, flight engineer and two flight attendants were killed. The remaining three crew members sustained serious injuries.
The airplane departed Pardubice Airport (PED), Czech Republic about 11:10 local time as Red Wings Airlines flight RWZ9268 to Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO).

Flight 9268 approached from the north and was cleared for landing on runway 19. The airplane was fully configured for landing with flaps at -37°, slats at -23°, and landing gear down. Decision height was 60 metres and the planned final approach speed was 210 km/h (113 kts).
The final approach was flown in director mode with disabled automatic throttle. The approach was flown unstabilized at a speed of 255 km/h (138 kts) without significant deviations from the glide path. The airplane passed the runway threshold at a height of 15 meters (50 ft) and an airspeed of 260 km/h (140 kts).
The throttles were moved to the 'idle' position and the airplane touched down at a speed of 230 km/h (124 kts), at a distance of about 900 - 1000 m (2950-3280 ft) from the threshold of the 3060 m (10.040 ft) long runway.
The aircraft touched down on the left hand main gear first while the wind was gusting to about 11,5 m/sec. When the nose gear touched down, the right hand undercarriage strut had not yet compressed.
Immediately the crew moved the throttle levers to "maximum reverse". The thrust reversers did not deploy. Also, the air brakes and spoilers did not deploy automatically.
After selecting maximum reverse, thrust was increased to 90% (nominal operation). The minimum speed on landing was 200-205 km/h (108-111 kts). After that the speed increased to 240 km/h (130 kts). The increase in speed led to additional "unloading" of the main landing gear. The airplane rolled left and right but there was no simultaneous touchdown of both main landing gears. The pilots used the brakes but they were ineffective because the pressure in the wheel brakes is only applied when both landing gear struts are compressed.
Five seconds after switching off the "maximum reverse", the flight engineer requested the reversers be activated again. Maximum reverse was selected again with the engines spooling up to 84% thrust. The reversers still failed to deploy. Thirty-two seconds after touchdown the airplane had reached the end of the runway. It crossed the runway threshold at a speed of 215 km/h (116 kts). The flight engineer shut down the engines at the request of the captain. Then both landing gear struts compressed, causing the automatic release of air brakes and spoilers as well as the deployment of the thrust reversers.
The distance between the end of the runway and the M3 highway embankment is about 320 m (1050 ft) on downsloping terrain with a sharp dropoff of 10 metres (33 ft) at the embankment. The airplane collided with the embankment at a speed of 190 km/h (103 kts). It broke in three and the forward part of the fuselage came to rest on the highway.

It had been snowing prior to the accident and there was a significant cross wind with gusts up to 29 knots.
Runway 24 was closed since 19 December according to an airport Notam: "A5127/12 - RWY 06/24 CLSD FOR TKOF AND LDG OF ALL TYPES ACFT. 19 DEC 06:30 2012 UNTIL 31 MAR 23:59 2013. CREATED: 19 DEC 07:46 2012"

Probable Cause:

The accident was caused by misadjustment of reverse thrust control units of both engines and incorrect (inconsistent with the airplane’s flight manual) control of ground spoilers and thrust reverse by the crew during the landing roll, which prevented proper braking action, causing runway excursion and collision with obstacles at high speed (ca. 190 km/h), destruction of the airplane and death of the crew members. (According to the Manual of Aviation Accident Investigation (ICAO Doc 9756 AN/965, causes and contributing factors are listed in logical order without assessment of priorities).

Contributing factors:
1) Stiffness of the reverse thrust control and locking mechanism that can manifest itself only during improper reverse thrust control by the crew and that is not mentioned in the maintenance manual section covering adjustments after engine change.
2) Contradictions between the aircraft and engine maintenance manuals and a continuous neglectful attitude to engine control system checks and adjustments (including the reverser control and locking mechanism) by organizations responsible for engine replacement, making it impossible for aircraft and engine developers to receive feedback and correct flaws.
3) Unstabilized approach with significantly exceeded (up to 45 km/h) speed on finals ultimately resulting in a prolonged flare and touchdown 950 m past the designated point.
4) Failure of spoilers and speedbrakes automatic deployment due to absence of the simultaneous both main gear Weight-On-Wheels signal caused by initial 'soft' left wheel touchdown (1.12g) in extreme conditions of 11.5 m/s right crosswind.
5) Failure of flight crew to verify the automatic spoilers and speedbrakes deployment after touchdown and to deploy them manually.
6) Flight manual violation regarding the use of reverse thrust by the crew applying maximum reverse in a 'single input' without setting the lever into intermediate position and failing to verify deployment of the reversers, which in turn led to forward thrust increase due to aforementioned reverse thrust control and locking mechanism flaw.
7) Absence of the simultaneous Weight-On-Wheels signal for both main landing gear struts during the whole landing roll due to specific sensors design (no sensor failure occured; each strut load must exceed 5,5 t) and crew’s failure to extend spoilers manually that prevented reversers to deploy.
8) Captain’s unsatisfactory crew management during the whole flight eventually resulting in unstabilized approach and during the landing roll concentration on the reverse thrust engaging leaving other systems unattended.
9) Failure to timely implement preventive measures after the 20.12.2012 Tu-204 RA-64049 Red Wings serious incident at Tolmachevo airport.
10) Unsatisfactory management level and insufficient safety procedures inside the Red Wings airline, as well as the assigned pilot-instructor’s neglectful attitude to the captain’s proficiency check and absence of the proper proficiency check inspection, which in turn made it impossible to determine and eliminate systematic captain’s piloting deficiencies regarding exceeding approach speed on final, as well as the reverse thrust lever inputs technique after touchdown. Assessment monitoring described in Federal Aviation Rules-128 5.7 had not been performed.
11) Absence of the periodical training program concerning standard procedures in case of Weight-On-Wheels sensor failures resulting in failure of spoilers and speedbrakes to deploy. Existing simulators are not capable of modeling this kind of situation.

Accident investigation:

cover
Investigating agency: MAK Russia
Status: Investigation completed
Duration: 1 year and 2 months
Accident number: Final report
Download report: Final report

Informationsquelle:
» Interfax
» Photo of RA-64047 on departure from Pardubice 29 Dec.

METAR Weather report:
12:30 UTC / 16:30 local time:
UUWW 291230Z 28008G15MPS 9999 OVC024 M02/M07 Q1010 19410250 NOSIG
wind 280 degrees at 8 m/s (16 kts) gusting to 15 m/s (29 kts); overcast cloud deck at 2400 feet AGL ; Temperature: -2°C, Dewpoint -7°C


Fotos

photo of Tupolev-Tu-204-100V-RA-64047
accident date: 29-12-2012
type: Tupolev Tu-204-100V
registration: RA-64047
photo of Tupolev-Tu-204-100V-RA-64047
accident date: 29-12-2012
type: Tupolev Tu-204-100V
registration: RA-64047
photo of Tupolev-Tu-204-100V-RA-64047
accident date: 29-12-2012
type: Tupolev Tu-204-100V
registration: RA-64047
photo of Tupolev-Tu-204-100V-RA-64047
terrain profile and overview of accident location
photo of Tupolev-Tu-204-100V-RA-64047
accident date: 29-12-2012
type: Tupolev Tu-204-100V
registration: RA-64047
 

Video, social media

Map
This map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight. The line between the airports does not display the exact flight path.
Distance from Pardubice Airport to Moskva-Vnukovo Airport as the crow flies is 1555 km (972 miles).
Accident location: Approximate; accuracy within a few kilometers.

This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time.
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