Narrative:Piedmont Airlines Flight 20, a Boeing 737-200, ran off the end of runway 14 after landing at the Greensboro-High Point Airport, North Carolina. There were 92 passengers and 4 crewmembers aboard; 4 passengers and 1 flight attendant were injured slightly.
Flight 20 made an ILS approach to runway 14 and touched down at a faster-than-normal airspeed 2,600 feet beyond the approach end of the runway, during heavy rain showers. The aircraft ran off the end of the runway, and the three landing gears collapsed as the aircraft crossed a service road, 640 feet beyond the runway.
Probable Cause:
Probable Cause: "The probable cause of this accident was ineffective braking action caused by dynamic hydroplaning on a rain-flooded runway. Additional factors which contributed to the accident were: (1) An unstabilized downwind approach; (2) a relatively long, fast touchdown on a downsloping runway; (3) delayed deployment of the automatic spoilers; and, (4) failure of the crew to deploy the spoilers manually."
Accident investigation:
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Investigating agency: | NTSB  |
Status: | Investigation completed |
Duration: | 206 days (7 months) | Accident number: | NTSB-AAR-74-7 | Download report: | Final report
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Classification:
Runway excursion
Follow-up / safety actions
NTSB issued 7 Safety Recommendations
Issued: 10-JAN-1975 | To: FAA | A-74-119 |
Amend appropriate regulations and procedures to establish an alerting service to advise pilots of hydroplaning probabilities before and during the landing approach. Such an advisory system would entail (1) a runway slipperiness rating and runway contamination monitoring program; and (2) the use of measuring devices and associated charts to correlate rainfall rate, wind direction, and velocity, with runway gradient and water depth on the runway surface. (Superseded by A-82-152 through A-82-169) (Closed - Superseded) |
Issued: 10-JAN-1975 | To: FAA | A-74-120 |
Establish operating limitations for crosswind and tailwind components when hydroplaning conditions are probable and incorporate these limitations in the FAA approved airplane flight manuals for all transport category airplanes. (Superseded by A-82-152 through A-82-169) (Closed - Superseded) |
Issued: 10-JAN-1975 | To: FAA | A-74-121 |
Amend 14 CFR 91, 14 CFR 121, and 14 CFR 135 to include provisions (similar to sections 91.209, 121.629, and 135.85 which govern operation in icing conditions) that would prohibit the pilot from landing an aircraft when, in his judgement, hydroplaning conditions would impair the safety of flight. (Superseded by A-82-152 through A-82-169) (Closed - Superseded) |
Issued: 10-JAN-1975 | To: | A-74-122 |
AMEND 14 CFR 61.153 TO REQUIRE THAT AN APPLICANT FOR AN AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT CERTIFICATE BE KNOWLEDGEABLE OF HYDROPLANING PHENOMENA. (Closed - Acceptable Alternate Action) |
Issued: 10-JAN-1975 | To: | A-74-123 |
AMEND 14 CFR 121.419 TO REQUIRE GROUND TRAINING FOR HYDROPLANING PHENOMENA AND ASSOCIATED OPERATING TECHNIQUES TO BE USED WHEN HYDROPLANING CONDITIONS ARE ENCOUNTERED UNEXPECTEDLY. (Closed - Acceptable Alternate Action) |
Issued: 10-JAN-1975 | To: | A-74-124 |
AMEND 14 CFR 135.138 TO REQUIRE ADEQUATE TESTING WITH RESPECT TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE HYDROPLANING PHENOMENA AND ASSOCIATED OPERATING TECHNIQUES TO BE USED WHEN HYDROPLANING CONDITIONS ARE ENCOUNTERED UNEXPECTEDLY. (Closed - Acceptable Alternate Action) |
Issued: 10-JAN-1975 | To: | A-74-125 |
AMEND 14 CFR 121.135 AND 14 CFR 25.1585 TO REQUIRE FLIGHT MANUALS TO CONTAIN INFORMATION ON THE HYDROPLANING PHENOMENA AND RECOMMENDED TECHNIQUES TO BE USED IN HYDROPLANING ENCOUNTERS. (Closed - Unacceptable Action) |
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Photos
Map
This map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight. The line between the airports does
not display the exact flight path.
Distance from Charlotte-Douglas Airport, NC to Greensboro/High Point Airport, NC as the crow flies is 133 km (83 miles).
This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time.