Beschrijving:
An Airbus A321-131, JA104A, sustained substantial damage in a landing accident at Hakodate Airport (HKD), Japan. There were 87 passengers and six crew members on board. Three cabin attendants sustained minor injuries.
All Nippon Airways flight 391 took off from Nagoya Airport (NGO) at 11:53 on a regular domestic flight to Hakodate.
After beginning descent from cruise altitude, the aircraft was radar vectored onto the final approach course by the Hakodate Approach Control, and commenced an ILS runway 12 approach at Hakodate Airport.
During the approach, the captain assumed the duties of Pilot Not Flying (PNF) while the first officer assumed Pilot Flying (PF) duties.
The aircraft encountered light turbulence during the approach. Hakodate Airport Tower reported the wind for runway 12 as 130°/28 kt, a strong and slightly right crosswind. Although the approach course and flight path angle of aircraft were both normal during the approach, the aircrafts wind shear warning system issued an aural wind shear warning at around 140 m from the runway threshold, at an altitude of 53 ft above ground level (AGL) while the aircraft was flying over the approach lights for runway 12.
Although the crew initiated a go-around to recover from the wind shear, the aircrafts aft fuselage contacted the runway and as a result substantial damage was sustained. The aircraft continued to go around for recovery from the wind shear after contacted aft fuselage with the runway. The crew made another ILS approach to runway 12, and landed at Hakodate Airport at around 13:21 uneventfully.
An external check after arrival found that damage had been sustained to the lower surface of the aft fuselage.
PROBABLE CAUSES
In this accident, it is estimated that while on final approach at a height of approximately 100ft AGL, the aircraft encountered severe wind shear and although recovery actions were taken, a sufficient rate of ascent was not attained in time to prevent the lower surface of the aft fuselage striking the runway, resulting in damage to rear frames and the aft pressure bulkhead.
Further, the following factors are considered to have contributed to this accident:
(1) A delay in engine thrust response to the thrust levers being advanced to recover from the wind shear, combined with a reduced approach speed, meant that an increase in speed could not be obtained immediately. These factors contributed to the fact that sufficient rate of ascent could not be attained in time to prevent the tail strike.
(2) Factors contributing to the reduced approach speed were the fact that the first officer, acting as PF, had selected a slightly low value for the final approach speed, and that he reduced thrust in response to an increase in headwind.
(3) Factors in the reduction of engine thrust in response to the increase in headwind were because the pilot was operating the thrust levers manually in "SELECTED SPEED" mode he was attempting to maintain a constant CAS, and that the flight crew had not adequately anticipated a increasing followed by a continuing drop in wind speed.
(4) Regarding the selection of a slightly low value for final approach speed, appropriate consideration was not given to wind speed, and there were concerns over touch down attitude related to high approach speeds.
(5) Regarding the fact that appropriate consideration was not given to wind speed, the first officer used a simple calculation formula that did not separately consider the additional airspeed margins to take account of wind speed changes and the head wind component, but that treated these together.
(6) Regarding the concerns over aircraft touch down attitude at high approach speeds, the measures described in the operators AOM for dealing with a nose-down attitude assumed only the case of full flap landings, and the First Officer considered difficulty to land an aircraft with a nose-down attitude.
It is considered possible that the low-level wind shear had originated due the effects of ground topography on the surface boundary layer under conditions of strong winds accompanied by gusts.
accident date: 21-01-2002
type: Airbus A321-131
registration: JA104A
accident date: 21-01-2002
type: Airbus A321-131
registration: JA104A
| Status: | Accident investigation report completed and information captured |
| Datum: | maandag 21 januari 2002 |
| Tijd: | 13:03 |
| Type: |  Airbus A321-131 |
| Luchtvaartmaatschappij: | All Nippon Airways - ANA |
| Registratie: | JA104A |
| Constructienummer: | 1008 |
| Bouwjaar: | 1999 |
| Aantal vlieguren: | 6140 |
| Motoren: | 2 IAE V2530-A5 |
| Bemanning: | slachtoffers: 0 / inzittenden: 6 |
| Passagiers: | slachtoffers: 0 / inzittenden: 87 |
| Totaal: | slachtoffers: 0 / inzittenden: 93 |
| Schade: | Groot |
| Gevolgen: | Repaired |
| Plaats: | Hakodate Airport (HKD) ( Japan)
|
| Fase: | Nadering (APR) |
| Soort vlucht: | Binnenlandse lijnvlucht |
| Vliegveld van vertrek: | Nagoya-Komaki International Airport (NGO/RJNN), Japan |
| Hakodate Airport (HKD/RJCH), Japan | |
| Vluchtnummer: | 391 |
An Airbus A321-131, JA104A, sustained substantial damage in a landing accident at Hakodate Airport (HKD), Japan. There were 87 passengers and six crew members on board. Three cabin attendants sustained minor injuries.
All Nippon Airways flight 391 took off from Nagoya Airport (NGO) at 11:53 on a regular domestic flight to Hakodate.
After beginning descent from cruise altitude, the aircraft was radar vectored onto the final approach course by the Hakodate Approach Control, and commenced an ILS runway 12 approach at Hakodate Airport.
During the approach, the captain assumed the duties of Pilot Not Flying (PNF) while the first officer assumed Pilot Flying (PF) duties.
The aircraft encountered light turbulence during the approach. Hakodate Airport Tower reported the wind for runway 12 as 130°/28 kt, a strong and slightly right crosswind. Although the approach course and flight path angle of aircraft were both normal during the approach, the aircrafts wind shear warning system issued an aural wind shear warning at around 140 m from the runway threshold, at an altitude of 53 ft above ground level (AGL) while the aircraft was flying over the approach lights for runway 12.
Although the crew initiated a go-around to recover from the wind shear, the aircrafts aft fuselage contacted the runway and as a result substantial damage was sustained. The aircraft continued to go around for recovery from the wind shear after contacted aft fuselage with the runway. The crew made another ILS approach to runway 12, and landed at Hakodate Airport at around 13:21 uneventfully.
An external check after arrival found that damage had been sustained to the lower surface of the aft fuselage.
Probable Cause:
PROBABLE CAUSES
In this accident, it is estimated that while on final approach at a height of approximately 100ft AGL, the aircraft encountered severe wind shear and although recovery actions were taken, a sufficient rate of ascent was not attained in time to prevent the lower surface of the aft fuselage striking the runway, resulting in damage to rear frames and the aft pressure bulkhead.
Further, the following factors are considered to have contributed to this accident:
(1) A delay in engine thrust response to the thrust levers being advanced to recover from the wind shear, combined with a reduced approach speed, meant that an increase in speed could not be obtained immediately. These factors contributed to the fact that sufficient rate of ascent could not be attained in time to prevent the tail strike.
(2) Factors contributing to the reduced approach speed were the fact that the first officer, acting as PF, had selected a slightly low value for the final approach speed, and that he reduced thrust in response to an increase in headwind.
(3) Factors in the reduction of engine thrust in response to the increase in headwind were because the pilot was operating the thrust levers manually in "SELECTED SPEED" mode he was attempting to maintain a constant CAS, and that the flight crew had not adequately anticipated a increasing followed by a continuing drop in wind speed.
(4) Regarding the selection of a slightly low value for final approach speed, appropriate consideration was not given to wind speed, and there were concerns over touch down attitude related to high approach speeds.
(5) Regarding the fact that appropriate consideration was not given to wind speed, the first officer used a simple calculation formula that did not separately consider the additional airspeed margins to take account of wind speed changes and the head wind component, but that treated these together.
(6) Regarding the concerns over aircraft touch down attitude at high approach speeds, the measures described in the operators AOM for dealing with a nose-down attitude assumed only the case of full flap landings, and the First Officer considered difficulty to land an aircraft with a nose-down attitude.
It is considered possible that the low-level wind shear had originated due the effects of ground topography on the surface boundary layer under conditions of strong winds accompanied by gusts.
Accident investigation:
 |
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Bronnen:
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accident date: 21-01-2002
type: Airbus A321-131
registration: JA104A
accident date: 21-01-2002
type: Airbus A321-131
registration: JA104A
Kaart
Deze kaart geeft het vliegveld van vetrek weer en de geplande bestemming van de vlucht. De lijn tussen de vliegvelden geeft niet de exacte vliegroute weer.
De afstand tussen Nagoya-Komaki International Airport en Hakodate Airport bedraagt 794 km (496 miles).
De afstand tussen Nagoya-Komaki International Airport en Hakodate Airport bedraagt 794 km (496 miles).
This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Network’s opinion as to the cause of the accident. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time.
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